I see that this is a bit older thread but both interesting and timely for me. I have a bit of a unique perspective to lend, for what it's worth. Given my carvings are done from green wood as well as using very traditional methods that I feel give me a little closer relationship to my work and material, I have the opportunity/time to see things as I'm carving. Just recently I made some notes in my Greenwood Carving thread regarding the properties of the Black Locust I was working with. I finished that and moved to another carving with a piece of Almond and have been pondering the differences I'm observing, stuff I've been making note of for quite some time and cataloging for a rainy day. It's been raining a lot here lately...
I've noted from the beginning when I carve. wood that is green, when you take a slice of wood, exposing fresh, green wood, the color is bright and vibrant as if you just oiled a dry piece. The Black Cherry I've carved lots of would stay looking nice for a bit but if I went back over an area a bit of time later you would notice it had lost some of it's vibrance restored by the fresh cut. This goes on throughout the roughing phase until I let it dry, then make finish cuts which restores the vibrance and gives the wood a polished appearance, better then you can get from any sanding. I came to the conclusion early on that there was oxidation at play. Also the dry wood, being harder, takes a smoother cut as opposed to the somewhat fuzzy surface left when cutting it green, even with a very sharp knife. Black Walnut very similar, Birch maybe a little more dramatic but the level of oxidation always seemed to be dependent on the moisture level.
When I use the drawknife to clean the end grain for identification under a loupe, I've noted that some woods haze over with oxidation very fast while others are very gradual and mostly it is moisture level that is the primary factor.
Recently carving the Black Locust I made several observations as I was working and ended the post about that with some discussion about some properties that appear somewhat unique. The Black Locust starts out with very little moisture content to begin with and when cutting into it there is very little of that "fresh cut" color change. Similarly, very little if any change going back over it after it's dried, very little oxidation... Interesting to me was that Black Locust is a well know very durable wood, virtually impervious to rotting. I think a primary factor in it's durability is the presence of significant amounts of silica, which may also be a factor in it's starting low moisture content. I'm sure silica also has it's own unique optical properties but that may be a tangent too far. But... now this thread got me thinking. I know, Danger Will Robinson!!! The Almond I'm presently working on was sopping wet green. Very hard wood, very hard but green it's quite pliable to cut through with a knife. When I split the log, it had really beautiful color inside and working it I was very enthusiastic but noted right away, slice a shaving, revealing extraordinary color but it would oxidize over to near grey almost instantly. As it's been drying more,, reworking sections shows the color then it hazes over again, not quite as bad but still very noticeable. Also noticeable is that it is drying much more slowly than other woods. I started thinking about the moisture and the lack of durability that the Locust has and the silica... So, what minerals does Almond have and how much may the evaporation of water at the surface, depositing minerals that were in solution, play into the hazing over/oxidation effect? Similar question goes for sugar content. Each also having an effect on optical properties. Even more so, how much is the actual wood oxidizing and how much is the minerals deposited on the surface that are oxidizing?
The preceding has been the rantings of a lunatic mind, that is running out of break time. Have fun chewing on all of this. I'll see if I can post some pictures or video of the effects I'm talking about.